Scientific Name:
BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA
Common Name:
BLACK GRAMA
Erosion Index:
EXCELLENT
Erosion Index Value:
8.1
Wildlife Index:
GOOD
Wildlife Index Value:
6.15
Ecological Distribution:
EDWARDS PLATEAU, ROLLING PLAINS, HIGH PLAINS, TRANS-PECOS
Topographic Tolerance:
UPLAND,
Elevation Tolerance:
TOLERANT OVER WIDE ELEVATION RANGE
Slope Tolerance:
LEVEL TO GENTLY SLOPING, MODERATE OR UNDULATING SLOPES
Aspect Tolerance:
TOLERANT ACROSS RANGE
Light Tolerance:
TOLERANT TO FULL SUN
Wetland Regional Indicator:
OBLIGATE UPLAND
Physical Form:
GRASS
Habit:
OTHER
Life Cycle:
PERENNIAL
Seed Age:
1 TO 4 YEARS OLD
Seed Interval:
1 YEAR OR LESS
Growth:
RAPID GROWTH, LONG-LIVED, SOD-FORMING
Hardiness:
DROUGHT TOLERANT, DISEASE TOLERANT
Vegetative Growth Period:
JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT
Flowering Period:
JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT
Fruiting Period:
AUG, SEP, OCT
Soil Moisture:
WELL-DRAINED ONLY
Soil Texture:
TOLERANT TO LOAMY SOILS, TOLERANT TO SANDY SOILS, TOLERANT TO GRAVELLY OR ROCKY SOILS
Soil Fertility:
TOLERANT OVER WIDE FERTILITY RANGE
Parent Material:
TOLERANT OVER WIDE RANGE
Soil pH:
NEUTRAL, SLIGHTLY ALKALINE
Optimum pH:
SLIGHTLY ALKALINE
Soil Depth:
SHALLOW SOILS (0 - 12 IN.)
Salinity:
OBLIGATE TO NON-SALINE (FRESH) SOIL/WATER CONDITIONS
Short-term Biomass:
MEDIUM
Short-term Pest:
NONE KNOWN
Long-term Biomass:
MEDIUM
Long-term Pest:
NONE KNOWN
Dominance Characteristics:
DOMINANT
Honeybee Relations:
POLLINATED WITHOUT BEES, NOT HONEY PRODUCING
Parasite Host Potential:
NONE KNOWN
Food for Wildlife/Livestock:
CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, HORSES
Small Mammal Food:
GOOD
Large Mammal Food:
GOOD
Upland Game Birds Food:
GOOD
Waterfowl Food:
FAIR
Nongame Birds Food:
GOOD
Small Mammal Cover:
GOOD
Large Mammal Cover:
FAIR
Upland Game Birds Cover:
GOOD
Waterfowl Cover:
FAIR
Nongame Birds Cover:
GOOD
Toxicity Potential:
NONE KNOWN
Toxicity Season:
Effectiveness Period:
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM
Raindrop Impact:
HIGH
Erosion Hardiness:
HIGH
Ease of Propagation:
MEDIUM
Soil Binding:
LOW
Soil Enrichment Potential:
LOW
Nitrogen Fixation Potential:
LOW
Growth Inhibitor Production:
LOW
Source Availability:
SPECIALIZED COMMERCIAL OR WHOLESALE OUTLET, HARVEST FROM LOCAL WILD STOCK
Seed Germination Ratio:
LOW
Reproduction:
SEEDS, STOLONS, TILLERS
Seed Dispersal Success Potential:
GRAVITY, WIND
Seed Establishment Success Potential:
MEDIUM
Cuttings Establishment Success Potential:
LOW
Transplanting Establishment Success Potential:
UNKNOWN
Establishment Time Interval:
2 TO 3 YEARS
Recommended Establishment:
SEEDS
Relative Expense:
MODERATELY EXPENSIVE
Notes:
- Generally grows in pure stands produced from stolons, each plant
reproducing 6-9 stolons.
- Requires 2 favorable successive growing seasons to produce established
stolons and new plants.
- Easily killed by overgrazing.
Associated Species:
ALKALI
SACATON
ALLTHORN
BLUE
GRAMA
BUFFALOGRASS
CATCLAW
ACACIA
CREOSOTEBUSH
FOURWING
SALTBUSH
HAIRY GRAMA
HONEY
MESQUITE
LOTEBUSH
SAND
DROPSEED
SCURFPEA
SIDEOATS
GRAMA
SUMAC SPP.