Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Origin: Native to North America
Use: Perennial, warm season, native grass that provides fair grazing for wildlife; good grazing for livestock.
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Plant Description:
General  Characteristics of Switchgrass
Life Span  Perennial
Growth Form  4-6 feet tall, bunchgrass.
Management:
Seeding Rate 
40" Rows: 
Broadcast: 


1.2 pounds pure live seed per acre
3.5 pounds pure live seed per acre
Planting Date  March-May
Planting Depth 0.25 inch
pH requirement 4.5 to 8.0
Rainfall requirement 12 to 60 inches
Soil texture  Sandy: 
Loam: 
Clay: 

High
High
Moderate
Cold Tolerance: High
General  Provides fair grazing for wildlife; good grazing for livestock.
ID Features:
Habit: 		Green or glaucous perennial in large bunches, with numerous creeping scaly rhizomes.
Culms: 		1-2 m. high, glabrous, tough, hard, solitary or clumped.
Blades: 	Elongated, 10-60 cm. long or more, 3-15 mm. wide, flat, rough on the margins,
		glabrous except sometimes pilose at least near the base above.
Sheaths: 	Shorter than the internodes, or longer below, often ciliate, sometimes
		villous at the throat, otherwise smooth.
Ligule: 	Dense ring of hairs 3-4 mm. long.
Inflorescence: 	Panicle long-exserted, 15-50 cm. long, open ovate to pyramidal,
		mostly one third to half as wide as long, the branches ascending or spreading,
		spikelet bearing in the outer half to two thirds.
Spikelets: 	3.5-5 mm. long (3-6), ovate, acuminate, prominently nerved, turgid,
usually gaping, rather short pedicelled, lower floret usually staminate.
Glumes: 	First clasping, acuminate, or cuspidate, 5-nerved, about two thirds
		as long as the spikelet, rarely equaling the sterile lemma, the second
		longer than the sterile lemma, both spreading and pointed, exceeding the fruit.
Fruit: 		Smooth and shiny, about three fourths as long as the spikelet,
		narrowly ovate, the margins of the lemma inrolled only at the base.
Habitat: 	Prairies, sand prairies, moist open ground.  August-September.
Use: 		One of the important prairie forage grasses, a good hay grass, if cut young.
Special Notes:
  • Used as biomass energy feedstock.
  • Switchgrass is one of the main prairie-type grasses together with big bluestem, little bluestem, and indiangrass.

    Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Information #1
    Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Information #2

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    Regional Adaptation
    Variety
    Coast Saline Prairie
    Coast Prairie
    East Texas Timberlands
    Claypan Area
    Blackland Prairie
    East Cross Timbers
    West Cross Timbers
    Grand Prairie
    North Central Prairies
    Central Basin
    Edwards Plateau
    Northern Rio Grande Plain
    Western Rio Grande Plain
    Central Rio Grande Plain
    Lower Rio Grande Valley
    Rolling Plains
    High Plains
    Trans-Pecos
    Switchgrass
     
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    Alamo
     
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    Blackwell
     
     
     
     
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    Caddo
     
     
     
     
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    Grenville
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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    Kanlow
     
     
     
     
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